閱讀passage43原文

    1）On the eve of global warming negotiations, scientists from several Western nations are clamoring for a crash program to develop clean energy that would rival the Manhattan Project and the Apollo mission to the moon.

    2）Writing in Thursday’s issue of the journal Nature, scientists from North America and Europe predicted that global warming will soon become the environmental equivalent of the Cold War as the world’s increasing reliance on fossil fuels releases more carbon dioxide and other heat trapping pollutants into the atmosphere. The 11 scientists urged negotiators at environmental talks scheduled to begin Nov.2 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to push for a mobilization of scientific resources to develop alternative forms of energy, such as solar, wind and nuclear power. “Developing and commercializing carbon-free power technologies by the mid 21st century could require efforts, perhaps international, pursued with the urgency of the Manhattan Project or the Apollo space program,” said Martin Hoffert, a physicist at New York University. Only 20% or less of today energy use comes from carbon-free sources. The Nature paper is unusual because it contains broad policy recommendations. Normally, the journal publishes straightforward scientific studies.

    Last year, governments meeting in Kyoto, Japan, agreed to emission reductions by the United States, Japan, the 15 nation European Union and 21 other industrial nations. The nations are to cut their output of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to 5% below their 1990 levels by 2012. This year, negotiators for 166 nations are meeting to determine how each country will achieve the reduction.

    To some, rising annual average temperatures in the 1990s amount to early proof that global warming has arrived and that the current treaty won’t protect nations from climatic upheaval during the 21st century. Some scientists said global warming is inevitable and no amount of effort-not even a crash program-will prevent it “We will experience a substantial amount of further climate change even if we make huge cuts in emissions,” said Martin Parry of University College in London. Others said there are many ways of reducing global warming without mobilizing scientists worldwide. Energy conservation and efficiency, such as greater use of cleaner burning natural gas and nuclear power, might be a cheaper solution, they say. Smokestack and tailpipe controls, as well as planting trees, can reduce pollution, too. Countries can also provide utilities with financial incentives to invest in experimental technologies.

[FS:PAGE]    3）Even optimists at the meeting agreed that demand for crude oil will outstrip production by 2020 and that worldwide reserves will be exhausted by 2100. Oil shortages and higher prices will make the world a more dangerous place, they warned.

    翻閱passage43譯文

    在舉行全球變暖問(wèn)題協(xié)商的前戲，來(lái)自幾個(gè)西方國(guó)家的科學(xué)家呼吁制定一項(xiàng)開(kāi)發(fā)情節(jié)能源的經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃——該計(jì)劃可以與曼哈頓計(jì)劃和阿波羅登月任務(wù)計(jì)劃相提并論。

    在發(fā)表于《自然》雜志星期四刊的文章中，來(lái)自北美和歐洲的科學(xué)家預(yù)計(jì)，由于全世界日益依賴礦物燃料，向大氣中釋放的二氧化碳和其他吸熱污染物增多，所以全球變暖不就將成為環(huán)境方面類似冷戰(zhàn)的問(wèn)題。這11位科學(xué)家強(qiáng)烈要求參加環(huán)境問(wèn)題會(huì)議的協(xié)商者敦促人民利用科學(xué)資源開(kāi)發(fā)科替代的能源，比如太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和核能，該會(huì)議計(jì)劃于11月2日仔阿根廷的不宜諾斯艾里斯召開(kāi)?！暗?1世紀(jì)中期時(shí)，開(kāi)放并商業(yè)化利用不寒潭的能源技術(shù)可能需要人們付出努力，可能需要國(guó)際見(jiàn)的共同努力，應(yīng)該像實(shí)施曼哈頓計(jì)劃和阿波羅空間計(jì)劃一樣付出努力?！瘪R丁賀佛特說(shuō)，他是紐約大約的譯為物理學(xué)家。目前使用的能源重，只有20%或更少的能源曲子不寒潭的能源?！蹲匀弧冯s志上的文章與眾不同，因?yàn)樗岢隽藦V泛的政策建議。通常情況下，該雜志等在的是有關(guān)易懂的科學(xué)研究的文章。

    去年，在日本京都召開(kāi)的政府首腦會(huì)議上，美國(guó)、日本、15個(gè)歐盟成員國(guó)以及21個(gè)工業(yè)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一減少排放量。這些國(guó)家統(tǒng)一，到2012年時(shí)，將二氧化碳和其他問(wèn)世氣體的排放量減少5%，降至低于1990年的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。今年，來(lái)自166個(gè)國(guó)家的代表正在協(xié)商，確定各國(guó)將如何實(shí)現(xiàn)削減的目標(biāo)。

    某種程度上，20世紀(jì)90年代日益增高的年平均溫度其實(shí)是已經(jīng)證明了全球變暖已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，目前的跳躍不能保護(hù)各國(guó)免受21世紀(jì)氣候巨變帶來(lái)的影響。有些科學(xué)家說(shuō)，全球變暖不開(kāi)避免，無(wú)論付出多大的努力都組織不了，即使是緊急計(jì)劃也不行，“即使我們大幅度減少排放量，我們也會(huì)經(jīng)歷進(jìn)一步的氣候巨變，”來(lái)自倫敦一所大學(xué)的馬丁-帕里說(shuō)。其他科學(xué)家說(shuō)，就算不動(dòng)員全世界的科學(xué)家，也有許多減緩全球變暖趨勢(shì)的方法。他們說(shuō)，保護(hù)能源和提高能源的效率可能是更合算的解決方法，比如多燃燒更清潔的天然氣合核能。對(duì)煙筒和圍棋的控制也可以減少污染，指數(shù)造林也可以減少污染。各國(guó)也可以向共用事業(yè)部門(mén)提供財(cái)政獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，鼓勵(lì)他們投資開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)性技術(shù)。

    甚至參加會(huì)議的樂(lè)觀人士也一致認(rèn)為，到2020年時(shí)，原油的需求量將超過(guò)產(chǎn)量，到2100年時(shí)，全世界的石油儲(chǔ)量將枯竭;他們警告說(shuō)，石油短缺和更高的油價(jià)將使得地球成為一個(gè)更危險(xiǎn)的地方。

    翻閱passage43長(zhǎng)難句分析

    1)There are many important differences between building an industrial based economy and one that relies largely on tourism. One of the historical barriers to industrialization has been a shortage of capital to build an industrial infrastructure or a lack of industrial-specific facilities

    【解析】主句是There are many important differences between ，One of the historical barriers to industrialization has been a shortage of 。between...and...短語(yǔ)修飾differences，其中的that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾“one”指的是economy;to build...短語(yǔ)修飾“capital”;or引導(dǎo)的是并列成分，其中such as是在距離說(shuō)明facilities。industrial based 譯為以產(chǎn)業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)的;barrier應(yīng)譯為障礙，industrialization譯為產(chǎn)業(yè)化;a shortage of譯為缺少...;infrastructure譯為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施;a lack of 譯為缺少...;industrial-specific應(yīng)該譯為產(chǎn)業(yè)特有的。

[FS:PAGE]    【參考譯文】發(fā)展以產(chǎn)業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和發(fā)展主要依賴旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)這兩者之間有許多重大區(qū)別，產(chǎn)業(yè)化的一個(gè)歷史障礙就是缺少興建產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的資金，或者缺少產(chǎn)業(yè)特有的設(shè)備，比如深水港口。

    2)We can be touched by images we see in the media but it is only when we shake hands with people from other nations and other cultures that we learn how things really are.

    【解析】主句是we can be touched by images ...but it is only when...that”。 we see 是一個(gè)省略了引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾images;it is only when...that 是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是when;howthings really are是一個(gè)省略了引導(dǎo)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。touch譯為打動(dòng)。

    【譯文】我們可能被媒體上報(bào)到的景象所打動(dòng)，但是，只有當(dāng)我們與來(lái)自其他國(guó)家、其他文化的人們握手時(shí)，我們才會(huì)了解事情的本質(zhì)。